Occupational Asthma Reference
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Andujar P, Bensefa-Colas L, Descatha A,
Acute and chronic cadmium poisoning,
La Revue De Médecine Interne,
2010;31:107-115,10.1016/j.revmed.2009.02.029ff. ffinserm-00461994f
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(Plain text:
Andujar P, Bensefa-Colas L, Descatha A,
Acute and chronic cadmium poisoning,
La Revue De Medecine Interne)
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Keywords: france, review, cadmium, ARDS, pneumonitis, emphysema
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Abstract
Cadmium is a metallic impurity in various minerals. The two main cadmium exposure
sources in general population are food and tobacco smoking. Its industrial
exploitation has grown in the early twentieth century. Cadmium is used in
accumulators or alkaline batteries (80%) and in pigments for paints or plastics (10%),
in electrolytic process by deposit or by cadmium plating on metals or to reduce
melting points (welding rods…). Cadmium is a cumulative toxic substance whose
half-time for elimination is about 20 to 40 years and it is mainly stored in the liver and
kidneys. Inhalation of cadmium oxide fumes may cause inhalation fevers or chemical
pneumonitis. Cadmium chronic poisoning causes mainly renal tubulopathy and could
be the cause of osteomalacia and diffuse osteoporosis. Cadmium is classified as
certain carcinogen agent for humans by IARC (International Agency for Research on
Cancer). The most relevant biological index exposure is the urinary cadmium.
According to literature, no chelating agent can be still used in human cadmium
poisonings. In France, some diseases caused by occupational exposure to cadmium
may be compensated.
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