Occupational Asthma Reference
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Baxter PJ, Kapila M, Mfonfu D,
Lake Nyos disaster, Cameroon, 1986: the medical effects of large
scale emission of carbon dioxide?,
Br Med J,
1989;298:1437-1441,
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Keywords: cameroon, volcano, carbon dioxide, co2, death, inhalation accident
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Abstract
1700 people in Cameroon, west Africa, in 1986 when a massive release of gas occurred from Lake Nyos, a volcanic crater lake. The clinical findings in 845 survivors seen at or admitted to hospital were compatible with exposure to an asphyxiant gas.
Rescuers noted cutaneous erythema and bullae on an unknown proportion of corpses and 161 (19%) survivors treated in hospital; though these lesions were initially believed to be burns from acidic gases, further investigation suggested that they were
associated with coma states caused by exposure to carbon dioxide in air. The disaster at Lake Nyos and a similar event at Lake Monoun, Cameroon, two years previously provide new information on the possible medical effects of large scale emissions of carbon dioxide, though the presence of other toxic factors in these gas releases cannot be excluded.
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